Summary for Atomic Physics
Atomic Physics, the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. Atomic physics has proved to be a spectacularly successful application of quantum mechanics, which is one of the cornerstones of modern physics.
History, the notion that matter is made of fundamental building blocks dates to the ancient Greeks, who speculated that earth, air, fire, and water might form the basic elements from which the physical world is constructed. They also developed various schools of thought about the ultimate nature of matter. Perhaps the most remarkable was the atomist school founded by the ancient Greeks Leucippus of Miletus and Democritus of Thrace about 440 BC. For purely philosophical reasons, and without benefit of experimental evidence, they developed the notion that matter consists of indivisible and indestructible atoms. The atoms are in ceaseless motion through the surrounding void and collide with one another like billiard balls, much like the modern kinetic theory of gases. Little more was done to advance the idea that matter might be made of tiny particles until the 17th century. proposed that Boyle proposed that the pressure and the volume of a gas is constant at the same temperature which could explain that the gas is composed of particles. John Dalton suggested that each element consists of identical atoms, while Amedeo Avogadro hypothesized that the particles of elements may consist of two or more atoms stuck together called molecules,
Later, experiments by Thomson and Rutherford showed that Atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons, first proved to exist in cathode-ray-tube experiments, and a positively charged nucleus.
In recent years, different models were proposed by scientists such as Bohr-Summerfield’s model, Quantum mechanics treatment, and vector model to finally achieved the proper structure of the atom and the electronic configuration.
Atomic Physics, the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. Atomic physics has proved to be a spectacularly successful application of quantum mechanics, which is one of the cornerstones of modern physics.
History, the notion that matter is made of fundamental building blocks dates to the ancient Greeks, who speculated that earth, air, fire, and water might form the basic elements from which the physical world is constructed. They also developed various schools of thought about the ultimate nature of matter. Perhaps the most remarkable was the atomist school founded by the ancient Greeks Leucippus of Miletus and Democritus of Thrace about 440 BC. For purely philosophical reasons, and without benefit of experimental evidence, they developed the notion that matter consists of indivisible and indestructible atoms. The atoms are in ceaseless motion through the surrounding void and collide with one another like billiard balls, much like the modern kinetic theory of gases. Little more was done to advance the idea that matter might be made of tiny particles until the 17th century. proposed that Boyle proposed that the pressure and the volume of a gas is constant at the same temperature which could explain that the gas is composed of particles. John Dalton suggested that each element consists of identical atoms, while Amedeo Avogadro hypothesized that the particles of elements may consist of two or more atoms stuck together called molecules,
Later, experiments by Thomson and Rutherford showed that Atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons, first proved to exist in cathode-ray-tube experiments, and a positively charged nucleus.
In recent years, different models were proposed by scientists such as Bohr-Summerfield’s model, Quantum mechanics treatment, and vector model to finally achieved the proper structure of the atom and the electronic configuration.
- معلم: أ.د. كرم فتحي عبد الرحمن
