Different organisms respond to their environments by making different types of adaptations. Insects are found in a wide range of environment, experiencing extremes of biotic as well as abiotic factors. The following categories of adaptations are recognized: (1) Behavioral (2) Morphological (3) Physiological. In this course we will study the ecological relationships between insects and the environment, adaptation of insects to different habitats (subterranean, deserts, and aquatic system), in addition to adaptation in insects feeding habits and adaptation of insects for protection (camouflage, mimicry, and aposematic coloration).