الفصل الاول

This coarse deals with the invertebrate macrofossils. It includes phylum porifera, phylum cnidaria, phylum brachiopoda, phylum annelida, phylum mollusca (class bivalvia, class gastropoda, and class cephalopoda), phylum echinodermata, class echinoidea, and phylum arthropoda.

THIS COURSE AIMS TO DEVELOP A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING AND SKILS OF MINERAL OPTICS IN ORDINARY LIGHT AND IN POLARIZED LIGHT. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS UNDER CROSSED POLAR. CONVERGENT LIGHT AND INTERFERENCE FIGURES. UNIAXIAL AND BIAXIAL MINERALS. REVIEW THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME MAJOR ROCK-FORMING MINERALS