الفصل الاول

The aim of the Botany course is to provide students with fundamental knowledge of plant structure, morphology, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, reproduction, and diversity, with particular emphasis on the biological processes underlying plant growth, development, and adaptation. The course aims to develop students’ understanding of plant cells, tissues, organs, and physiological functions and to demonstrate the importance of plants in applied biotechnology, including plant tissue culture, genetic engineering, agricultural biotechnology, production of bioactive compounds, and sustainable environmental management.