الفصل الدراسي الأول

The Basics of Translation course covers the fundamental shift from literal word-for-word translation to sense-for-sense translation; it defines translation as transferring meaning, not words, between two languages treating the main problems a translator faces such as lexical gaps, cultural terms, idioms, collocations, and emphasizing that a good translation must achieve accuracy, clarity, and naturalness by understanding context, text type, and the difference between semantic and communicative translation.